Method of winding an electric machine



Aug. 13, 1935. J. E. PAPIN 2,011,114

METHOD OF WINDING AN ELECTRIC MACHINE Filed July 22, 1953 F |(5,5 Inventor J. E. Papin Att' y.

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Patented Aug. 13, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE un'rnon or wnvnnvc as anncrmc moms Application July'22, 1933, Serial No. 681,800 3 Claims. (Cl. 171-252) In the usual method of winding coils for the stators electrical machines, the coil for each pole, usually comprising a plurality oi nesting I sub-coils placed in separate slots, is formed of J an independent wire, the coils alter assembly being joined between poles by soldering. Such soldered Joints are objectionable as they may result in poor contact with consequent high resistance and liability to melting. Furthermore, the I soldering and taping of the joints involves time and expense and produce bulky and unsightly connections. v

The object 01 the present invention is to provide means for winding an electrical machine having a ll plurality of poles, the coils .being formed from an integral conductor and applied to the poles to produce alternating polaritieswithout their connection being severed, thus dispensing with soldered joints between the poles and so avoiding II the objectionable features above referred to.

In the accompanying drawing, which illustrates my invention as applied to the stator windings or an electrical machine, such as a 4-pole single phase motor, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view 8 of the stator with the windings positioned therein; Figure 2 is a side view 01' a mold for winding two pole coils; Figure 3 is an end view of the mold shown in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a side view of a mold for winding tour pole coils, a modification in U the position oithe connecting slots also being shown; Figure 5 is a view illustrating the method of shitting the connecting wires when the connecting slots are positioned as shown in Figure 4; Figure 6 is a semi-digrammatlcview, in perspec- U tive, of a pair of coils aiter removal irom the Figure 7 .isa plan view'oi the coils.

molds; after reversal to secure alternating polarity; and Figure 8 is a wiring diagram 01' a stator employing two independent pairs of pole coils.

Referring first to Figures 2 and 3, the numeral- I .:represents a base adapted to be secured to or a winding lathe by bolts l-i. Carried by the base II is a central spindle I! on which o'ited a series oi forms II separatedby sub- 1 spacers "which project beyond the adjacent forms to provide grooves in which the sub-coils are wound. As shown in these figures, the mold consists of two sets of four terms, each set being I arranged in steps of echelon iormation and the two sets being reversed, i. e., the two largest forms are situated adjacent each other at the center at the mold. These two large forms are separated by a coil spacer it. Formed in the eoilmcensswellasineaeh'sub-coilspacenis a slot ii to receive the connecting wire extending between the coils and the sub-coils, respectively. The smallest form oi the second set is covered by an end plate i'l, projecting beyond it to form a winding groove, and this plate is clamped in -5 position by a wing nut It on the end 01 the spindle. Relative rotation between 'the forms and spacers is prevented by guide rods I! carried in the base and passing through the holes in the forms and spacers. 1 r To wind a pair of coils on this form it is se-- cured to the head stock 01' a winding lathe and the wire wound on the outer form until the groove is full, alter which the wire is passed j through the slot in the adjacent spacer into is the next larger groove which is in turn wound full. This is repeated until the tour sub-coils forming the first pole coil are wound. It will be noted that in this set of sub-coils a smaller coil is connected to the next larger by a wire 20 extending from the periphery of each sub-coil to the inner side of the next larger sub-coil. The wire is now passed through the slot in coil spacer it to form a connection 2i between the two coils, and the second set 01' sub-coils is wound, the direction of rotation being the same as when wind-- ing the first set. In this case, however, the progression being from a larger to a smaller subcoil, the connecting wires 22 of theset will each extend from the outer side or a larger to the inner side of a smaller 'coil. To provide the necessary lengthto the coil connecting wire 2|, the coil spacer II may be made wider than the other spacers, as shown in Figure 2, or the part of the spacer containing the slot is may be extended radially, as shown in Figure 3, or these expedients may be combined.

After the winding of both coils is completed th wing nut I8 is removed and the forms and spacers withdrawn from the spindle to release the coils. so The sub-coils of each coil are now moved into the same plane, as shown in Figure 6, to form two coils wound in the same-direction and, consequently, having the same polarity. Betore applying'thecoilstothestatoritisnecessaryto reverse the polarity of one coil with respect to the other. This may be done either by placing the two coils upon 'edge and swinging one to the right through an arc of degrees, and the other to the left through an equal are, or by placing the coils one upon the other and then swinging the upper cell through an arc of degrees. In

either case the result will be two connected coils oi opposite polarity, as shown in Figure 7.

Two pairs of coils, such as shownin Figure '1,

are adapted to comprise the stator winding of the 4-pole single phase electrical machine illustrated in Figures 1 and 8. The stator core 24 of such a machine may be provided with forty slots and each pole winding may have five sub-coils. I have shown only four sub-coils to each pole winding as it is customary to leave the two center slots of each pole vacant on account of the dim- -culty of inserting very narrow coils in theslots. As shown, the-four coils A, B, C and D are arranged in two circuits to provide for double voltage, coils A and B being in one circuit and coils C and D in another. Coils A and C will, of course, be of one polarity and the coils B and D of the opposite polarity. It will be seen that by my method each winding is continuous, thus not only accomplishing a saving of time in assembling the winding, but resulting ina better and more permanent construction.

In case the four coils are to be included in a single -winding, a mold like that shown in Figure 4 is employed. This mold is made by mounting four sets of forms and spacers on the spindle in place of two sets, as above described, and positioning between the two pairs of sets a spacer 23 provided with a slot I6 like the other spacers. The method of winding the coils is the same as with the two coil-mold. In Figure 4 I have shown a slight modification, the slots i6 being formed in one of the longer edges of the spacers instead of in one of the short edges, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. When the slots are placed in this position the connecting wires must be shifted to the ends of the'coils after the coils are removed from the forms. In Figure 5 I have shown the two outer sub-coils of windings A and 13 together with their connecting wire 2|, the latter being shown in full lines in the initial position and in dotted lines in the shifted position.

1. The method of winding an electrical machine element having a plurality of poles, which comprises winding a pair of pole coils in the same direction from aunitary conductor, reversing one of said coils to produce opposite polarities in the coils of adjacent poles, and applying the winding in integral form to the poles of an electrical machine. I

2. The method of winding an electrical machine element having a plurality of poles, which comprises winding a pair'of pole coils in the same direction from a unitary conductor, each of said pole coils consisting of a plurality of nestable subcoils, reversing one of said pole coils to produce opposite polarities in the coils of adjacent poles, and applying the winding in integral form to the poles of an electrical machine.

3. The method of winding an electrical machine element having a plurality of poles, which comprises winding a pair of coils in the same direction from a unitary conductor, relatively rotating said coils in a plane normal to a pair of their axes to produce opposite polarities in the coils of adiacent poles, and applying the winding in integral form to the poles of an electrical machine.

JOSEPH EDWARD PAPIN. 

